冠心病主动康复的今天和明天

2020年，欧洲预防心脏病学协会明确提出了以运动康复为主的心脏康复在心血管疾病和代谢疾病管理中的重要作用，并呼吁大家行动起来。本文从冠心病运动康复基础和临床研究进展、运动康复减少冠心病并发症、各国运动康复指南和新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下运动康复的实施4个维度探讨冠心病个体化主动运动康复的现状和将来，以期为研究和临床工作的开展提供参考。     

Home-based exercise is associated with improved cardiac functional performance in patients after acute myocardial infarction

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of home-based exercise and physical activity on cardiac functional performance in patients after acute myocardial infarction (MI) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled patients that received treatment of acute ST-segment elevation MI between and were followed-up 6 months later. The patients were divided into physically active and inactive groups based on their levels of home exercise after hospital discharge.ResultsA total of 78 patients were enrolled in the study: 32 were physically active and 46 were physically inactive. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. At the 6-month visit, left ventricular ejection fraction and six-minute walking test (6MWT) were significantly improved while the proportion of patients with a New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional III classification was decreased in the active patients, whereas these parameters were not significantly changed in the inactive patients. In addition, the 6MWT was greater while the proportion of patients with an NYHA III classification was lower in the active group than the inactive group at the 6-month visit.ConclusionMaintaining physical activity at home was associated with improved cardiac functional performance in patients after acute MI during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

口服蛋氨酸饲料致大鼠心室重塑的研究

目的:探讨口服蛋氨酸饲料致大鼠心力衰竭模型的机制，及程序性死亡因子4（PDCD4）通路在此过程中的作用。方法:5周龄健康Wistar雄性大鼠30只，适应性喂养1周后，随机分为实验组与对照组，实验组给予3%蛋氨酸饲料喂养，对照组标准饲料喂养。12周后进行血流动力学检测，采用酶联免疫法测定血清同型半胱氨酸（HCY）及N端前脑钠肽（NT-proBNP）水平，心脏彩超进行心功能评估，病理染色明确有无细胞肥大、纤维化，Western blot检测心肌组织中PDCD4蛋白的表达。结果:3%蛋氨酸饲料喂养组HCY水平较对照组升高（均P＜0.05）,心脏彩超提示3%蛋氨酸饲料喂养组大鼠左室射血分数、缩短分数、室间隔厚度显著减低（均P＜0.05），左室收缩末内径及舒张末内径较对照组显著增加（均P＜0.05），Western blot结果显示, PDCD4蛋白表达降低（P＜0.05）。结论:通过口服蛋氨酸饲料造成大鼠高HCY血症可导致大鼠出现心室重塑，并造成心功能受损，其机制可能与PDCD4信号通路的下调有关。     

EBV+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma arising within atrial myxoma in Chinese immunocompetent patient

The incidence rate of Primary cardiac lymphoma is very low. Primary cardiac lymphoma within myxoma is extremely rare disease. So far, these cases have been reported only eight in the world, which has not reported in Chinese so far. Hence, we reported the unique Chinese case of 52-year-old immunocompetent male with primary Epstein-Barr virus positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma arising within atrial myxoma, and had no evidence of systemic lymphoma. The patient presented right sided body numbness, arm weakness no incentive and mouth twitch. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a large intraatrial mass, attached to the left atrial wall. The mass was removed by open thoracic surgery and subsequently diagnosed as malignant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with myxoma by histopathology. This was the fourth case of discovered Epstein-Barr virus positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a cardiac myxoma reported so far. The patient has been well by followed up for 5 months without chemotherapy. Now we discuss the importance of histodiagnosis and the proper treatment. Epstein-Barr virus positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma arising within atrial myxoma is an extraordinary lymphoma for better prognosis, avoiding excessive treatment.     

Fetal and Neonatal Imaging and Strategy of Primary Neonatal Heart Transplantation in Hypoplastic Left Heart with Ebstein's Anomaly

We present the anatomic constellation of mitral stenosis/aortic atresia variant of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Ebstein's anomaly, and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, an exceeding rare congenital heart defect. Prenatal echocardiography led to concern about the capacity of the right ventricle to increase cardiac output with lung expansion and pulmonary arterial runoff at birth, prompting the precaution of extracorporeal membrane oxygenator standby at delivery. Stage I palliation was not attempted, and control of pulmonary arterial blood flow was achieved with pulmonary artery banding, allowing sufficient ongoing hemodynamic stability. Orthotopic cardiac transplantation, repair of hypoplastic aortic arch, and primary sutureless repair of left pulmonary veins was performed, using dual‐site arterial cannulation and continuous mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. We discuss how this unique echocardiographic anatomy influenced the surgical decision and point out how it guided therapy toward a strategy of primary transplantation rather than standard staged surgical palliation.